ABSTRACT
COVID-19 Pandemic has had a huge impact on mental health in population, becoming a public health problem. Our country has been affected in social, political and economical fields, causing a great impact on physical and mental health, and also with worldwide numerous human losses. Children and adolescents are a particularly vulnerable population, due to the risks that the pandemic has entailed, for their psychological development, social interaction, the influence of stress on neuroendocrine responses and also as neuropsychiatric manifestations with increased reports by researchers, without certainty of possible future damage. The objective of this paper is to review the possible causes and impact on psychosocial development and neuropsychiatric disorders in children and adolescents, and the individual and family factors that predispose to emotional, cognitive and behavioral reactions in pediatric population, searching to give a comprehensive view of the mental health problems in the pediatric population caused by the pandemic. © 2022 Instituto Nacional de Pediatria. All rights reserved.